Hi,indian Courts Hierarchy can be broadly categorized into Civil Court and Criminal Court.
In civil courts every suit should be instituted before the court of lowest jurisdiction. In the civil side the Munsif's Court is the court of lowest jurisdiction. If the value of the subject matter of the suit is worth rupees one lakh or below, the Munsiff's Court is the competent court to try the suit. If the value exceeds above rupees one lakh the suit should be filed before the Subordinate Judge's Court
(Sub Court). An appeal from the decisions of the Munsiff is filed before the District Court. Appeals from the decisions of the Sub Court is filed before the District Court if the subject matter of the suit is of value up to rupees two lakhs. If the value is above two lakhs, the appeal should be filed before the High Court and next to the Supreme Court.
Administration of criminal justice is carried out through Magistrate- Courts and Sessions courts. The hierarchy of criminal courts is given below. The Court at the lowest level is called Judicial Magistrate of the second class. This Court is competent to try the case if the offence is punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or with fine not exceeding five thousand rupees, or with both. The First Class Magistrate is competent to try offences punishable with imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or with fine upto ten thousand rupees. In the State of Kerala, the second and the First Class Magistrate Courts have been unified. The Chief Judicial Magistrate can impose any fine and punishment up to seven years imprisonment.
The Assistant Sessions Judge is competent to impose punishments up to ten years
imprisonment and any fine. The Sessions Judge can impose any punishment authorized by law; but the sentence of death passed by him should be subject to the confirmation by the High Court. (see for details Sections 28 and 29 of Criminal Procedure Code.)
About High Court
High Court stands at the head of a State's judicial administration. It has power to issue to any person within its jurisdiction writs, orders or directions. Writs are in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari for enforcement of Fundamental Rights and for any other purpose. Each High Court has powers of superintendence over all Courts and Tribunals within its jurisdiction.
About Supreme Court
The Supreme Court the highest court in the country. It has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. Its exclusive original jurisdiction extends to Central-State and inter State disputes. In addition, Article 32 of the Constitution gives an extensive original jurisdiction to the Supreme Court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights. It is empowered to issue directions, orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari to enforce them.. The Supreme Court, if satisfied that cases involving substantially the same questions of law of general importance are pending before it and the High Courts, it may withdraw such case and dispose them by itself.
Answered by
aruna hum
at
3:00 PM on May 12, 2011
