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Best Answers: 18

Define Animation

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:27 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

A simulation of movement created by displaying a series of pictures, or frames. Cartoons on television is one example of animation. Animation on computers is one of the chief ingredients of multimedia presentations. There are many software applications that enable you to create animations that you can display on a computer monitor.
Note the difference between animation and video. Whereas video takes continuous motion and breaks it up into discrete frames, animation starts with independent pictures and puts them together to form the illusion of continuous motion.
A programmable machine. The two principal characteristics of a computer are:
It responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.
It can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program).
Modern computers are electronic and digital. The actual machinery -- wires, transistors, and circuits -- is called hardware; the instructions and data are called software.

All general-purpose computers require the following hardware components:

memory : Enables a computer to store, at least temporarily, data and programs.
mass storage device : Allows a computer to permanently retain large amounts of data. Common mass storage devices include disk drives and tape drives.
input device : Usually a keyboard and mouse, the input device is the conduit through which data and instructions enter a computer.
output device : A display screen, printer, or other device that lets you see what the computer has accomplished.
central processing unit (CPU): The heart of the computer, this is the component that actually executes instructions.
In addition to these components, many others make it possible for the basic components to work together efficiently. For example, every computer requires a bus that transmits data from one part of the computer to another.

Computers can be generally classified by size and power as follows, though there is considerable overlap:

personal computer : A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information, and a storage device for saving data.
workstation : A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.
minicomputer : A multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.
mainframe : A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
supercomputer : An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

Answered at 11:43 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define Assembly Language

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:31 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

An assembly language is a low-level language for programming computers. It implements a symbolic representation of the numeric machine codes and other constants needed to program a particular CPU architecture. This representation is usually defined by the hardware manufacturer, and is based on abbreviations (called mnemonics) that help the programmer remember individual instructions, registers, etc. An assembly language is thus specific to a certain physical or virtual computer architecture (as opposed to most high-level languages, which are portable).

Assembly languages were first developed in the 1950s, when they were referred to as second generation programming languages. They eliminated much of the error-prone and time-consuming first-generation programming needed with the earliest computers, freeing the programmer from tedium such as remembering numeric codes and calculating addresses. They were once widely used for all sorts of programming. However, by the 1980s (1990s on small computers), their use had largely been supplanted by high-level languages, in the search for improved programming productivity. Today, assembly language is used primarily for direct hardware manipulation, access to specialized processor instructions, or to address critical performance issues. Typical uses are device drivers, low-level embedded systems, and real-time systems.

A utility program called an assembler is used to translate assembly language statements into the target computer's machine code. The assembler performs a more or less isomorphic translation (a one-to-one mapping) from mnemonic statements into machine instructions and data. (This is in contrast with high-level languages, in which a single statement generally results in many machine instructions. A compiler, analogous to an assembler, is used to translate high-level language statements into machine code; or an interpreter executes statements directly.)

Many sophisticated assemblers offer additional mechanisms to facilitate program development, control the assembly process, and aid debugging. In particular, most modern assemblers include a macro facility (described below), and are called macro assemblers.
it also define as : A programming language that is once removed from a computer's machine language. Machine languages consist entirely of numbers and are almost impossible for humans to read and write. Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of numbers.
Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly language, so an assembly language program written for one type of CPU won't run on another. In the early days of programming, all programs were written in assembly language. Now, most programs are written in a high-level language such as FORTRAN or C. Programmers still use assembly language when speed is essential or when they need to perform an operation that isn't possible in a high-level language.

Answered at 11:41 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define ADSL

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:36 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

Short for asymmetric digital subscriber line, a new technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS). ADSL supports data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate).
ADSL requires a special ADSL modem.
ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the world gain access.
Short for plain old telephone service, which refers to the standard telephone service that most homes use. In contrast, telephone services based on high-speed, digital communications lines, such as ISDN and FDDI, are not POTS. The main distinctions between POTS and non-POTS services are speed and bandwidth. POTS is generally restricted to about 52 Kbps (52,000 bits per second).
The POTS network is also called the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

Answered at 11:35 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define ATM

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:37 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

Short for Asynchronous Transfer Mode, a network technology based on transferring data in cells or packets of a fixed size. The cell used with ATM is relatively small compared to units used with older technologies. The small, constant cell size allows ATM equipment to transmit video, audio, and computer data over the same network, and assure that no single type of data hogs the line.
Some people think that ATM holds the answer to the Internet bandwidth problem, but others are skeptical. ATM creates a fixed channel, or route, between two points whenever data transfer begins. This differs from TCP/IP, in which messages are divided into packets and each packet can take a different route from source to destination. This difference makes it easier to track and bill data usage across an ATM network, but it makes it less adaptable to sudden surges in network traffic.

When purchasing ATM service, you generally have a choice of four different types of service:

constant bit rate (CBR): specifies a fixed bit rate so that data is sent in a steady stream. This is analogous to a leased line.
variable bit rate (VBR): provides a specified throughput capacity but data is not sent evenly. This is a popular choice for voice and videoconferencing data.
available bit rate (ABR): provides a guaranteed minimum capacity but allows data to be bursted at higher capacities when the network is free.
unspecified bit rate (UBR): does not guarantee any throughput levels. This is used for applications, such as file transfer, that can tolerate delays.

Answered at 11:32 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define ASCII

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:32 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

Acronym for the American National Standards Institute. Founded in 1918, ANSI is a voluntary organization composed of over 1,300 members (including all the large computer companies) that creates standards for the computer industry. For example, ANSI C is a version of the C language that has been approved by the ANSI committee. To a large degree, all ANSI C compilers, regardless of which company produces them, should behave similarly.
In addition to programming languages, ANSI sets standards for a wide range of technical areas, from electrical specifications to communications protocols. For example, FDDI, the main set of protocols for sending data over fiber optic cables, is an ANSI standard.

Answered at 11:38 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define API

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:35 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

Abbreviation of application program interface, a set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the building blocks. A programmer then puts the blocks together.
Most operating environments, such as MS-Windows, provide an API so that programmers can write applications consistent with the operating environment. Although APIs are designed for programmers, they are ultimately good for users because they guarantee that all programs using a common API will have similar interfaces. This makes it easier for users to learn new programs.

Answered at 11:37 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define ARP

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:39 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

Short for Address Resolution Protocol, a network layer protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address (called a DLC address), such as an Ethernet address. A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP/IP network. The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address.
There is also Reverse ARP (RARP) which can be used by a host to discover its IP address. In this case, the host broadcasts its physical address and a RARP server replies with the host's IP address.
An agreed-upon format for transmitting data between two devices. The protocol determines the following:
the type of error checking to be used
data compression method, if any
how the sending device will indicate that it has finished sending a message
how the receiving device will indicate that it has received a message
There are a variety of standard protocols from which programmers can choose. Each has particular advantages and disadvantages; for example, some are simpler than others, some are more reliable, and some are faster.
From a user's point of view, the only interesting aspect about protocols is that your computer or device must support the right ones if you want to communicate with other computers. The protocol can be implemented either in hardware or in software.

Answered at 11:24 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define Adware

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:40 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

The term adware frequently refers to any software which displays advertisements, whether or not the user has consented. Programs such as the Eudora mail client display advertisements as an alternative to shareware registration fees. These classify as "adware" in the sense of advertising-supported software, but not as spyware. Adware in this form does not operate surreptitiously or mislead the user, and provides the user with a specific service.

Although most adware is spyware in a different sense for a different reason: it displays advertisements related to what it finds from spying on you. Claria Corporation's Gator Software and Exact Advertising's BargainBuddy are examples. Visited Web sites frequently install Gator on client machines in a surreptitious manner, and it directs revenue to the installing site and to Claria by displaying advertisements to the user. The user receives many pop-up advertisements.

Other spyware behavior, such as reporting on websites the user visits, occurs in the background. The data is used for "targeted" advertisement impressions. The prevalence of spyware has cast suspicion upon other programs that track Web browsing, even for statistical or research purposes. Some observers describe the Alexa Toolbar, an Internet Explorer plug-in published by Amazon.com, as spyware, and some anti-spyware programs such as Ad-Aware report it as such. Many of these adware distributing companies are backed by millions of dollars of adware-generating revenues. Adware and spyware are similar to viruses in that they can be malicious in nature, however, people are now profitting from these threats making them more and more popular.

Similarly, software bundled with free, advertising-supported programs such as P2P act as spyware, (and if removed disable the 'parent' program) yet people are willing to download it. This presents a dilemma for proprietors of anti-spyware products whose removal tools may inadvertently disable wanted programs. For example, recent test results show that bundled software (WhenUSave) is ignored by popular anti-spyware program Ad-Aware, (but removed as spyware by most scanners) because it is part of the popular (but recently decommissioned) Edonkey client. To address this dilemma, the Anti-Spyware Coalition has been working on building consensus within the anti-spyware industry as to what is and isn't acceptable software behavior. To accomplish their goal, this group of anti-spyware companies, academics, and consumer groups have collectively published a series of documents including a definition of spyware, risk model, and best practices document.

A form of spyware that collects information about the user in order to display advertisements in the Web browser based on the information it collects from the user's browsing patterns.
Short for Web browser, a software application used to locate and display Web pages. The two most popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Both of these are graphical browsers, which means that they can display graphics as well as text. In addition, most modern browsers can present multimedia information, including sound and video, though they require plug-ins for some formats.

Answered at 11:27 AM on April 10, 2008

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Define ADO.net

Asked by kash in Computers & Technology at 9:38 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

Acronym for ActiveX Data Objects for .NET. Bundle of data providers and .NET classes for manipulating databases like Microsoft Access, Microsoft SQL Server 2000, MySQL, and Oracle. Once known as ADO+, ADO.NET can be used from any .NET language.
Most developers are familiar with the Object/Relational Mapping (ORM) problem: databases use the abstraction of rows in tables, but application programs use the abstraction of classes and objects. Existing ORM frameworks tend to address this mismatch by allowing programming classes to be annotated in order to relate them to the database.

The intent with ADO.NET is more ambitious: We view the ORM problem as just one of a number of services we want to build on the database. Other services include reporting, synchronization, backup, and so on. In order to cover all of these services, we have designed a data model that is similar to the object-oriented idiom that programmers use, while remaining independent of any particular programming language or programming platform. This data model is the Entity Data Model (EDM).

The EDM is a conceptual model for designing the data layer of applications. Entities and relationships in the domain of an application are specified in XML syntax. Both the programming classes used in applications and the storage schema map to this conceptual model.

Entities and Associations

The EDM is an implementation of the entity-relationship (ER) model. An EDM entity type is a specification for something in the application domain that must be represented by data. Examples of entity types can be found in a typical line of business (LOB) application and might include employees, customers, orders, order-lines, suppliers, shippers, products, invoices, and so on.

Logical connections between entities are called relationships: for example, the logical association between an employee and his/her contact information or between a merchandise order and the customer who makes the order. An EDM relationship type describes the possible associations between entities, and any constraints on multiplicity.

Schemas

The EDM provides an XML syntax named conceptual schema definition language (CSDL). A CSDL schema is used to specify entities and relationships in the domain of an application.

The CSDL schema will become the core data model of the application. It is usually referred to simply as the “conceptual schema”. A CSDL schema declares and defines a Namespace that contains entities and associations.

Answered at 11:30 AM on April 10, 2008

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CCNA papers can be given online as MCSE. If not then how can i appear for CCNA exams

Asked by Priya Pandey in Computers & Technology at 10:58 AM on April 10, 2008

Pammu's Answer

What's the fastest way to pass MCSE exam? That's a question asked by a lot of MSCE candidates. The fastest way to pass MSCE exam is just to buckle down, study, and get it over with. That way you'll only have to take the MCSE exam once. If you don't take your test preparation seriously and look for shortcuts, it will probably end up in a failing grade and you'll end up having to study and take the MCSE exam again. The fastest way to pass the MCSE exam is to follow some simple study strategies and pass it the first time. There are appropriate ways to study for the different types of questions you will see on a Microsoft certification exam.
Knowledge-based questions require that you memorize facts. There are hundreds of facts inherent in every content area of every content area of every Microsoft certification exam. Here are several keys to memorizing facts.
1. Repetition: The more often your brain is exposed to a fact, the more likely you are to remember it.
2. Association: Connecting facts within a logical framework makes them easier to remember.
3. Motor Association: If is often easier to remember something if you write it down or perform some other physical act like clicking on a practice test answer.

We have said that the emphasis of Microsoft certificaiton is job performance and that there are very few knowledge-bases questions on Microsoft certification exams.Why should you waste a lot of time learning filenames, IP address, formulas, and other minutiae? Read on.

Most of the questions you will face on a Microsoft certification exam are performance-based scenario questions. We have discussed the superiority of these questions over simple knowledge-based questions, but you should remember that the job-task orientation of Microsoft certification extends the knowledge you need to pass the exams; it does not replace this knowledge. Therefore, the first step in preparing for scenario questions is to absorb as many facts relating to the exam content areas as you can. In other words, go back to the previous section and follow the steps to prepare for an exam composed of knowledge-based questions.

The second step is to familiarize yourself with the format of the questions you are likely to see on the exam. You can do this by answering the questions in this study guide by using Microsoft assessment tests or by using practice tests. The day of your test is not the time to be surprised by the construction of Microsoft exam questions.

So even though you may not like the answer, the fastest way to pass MCSE exam is to stop looking for shortcuts and take your MCSE exam preparation seriously from the beginning. Study, prepare, and take practice MCSE exams to gauge your progress. If you'll just follow these simple steps, you'll probably pass the MCSE exam on your first attempt and that's the fastest way to pass the MCSE exam. You can't pass it any more quickly than on the first try.
For more details please visit the following link :
1) http://ezinearticles.com/?Secrets-t o-Success-for-Passing-the-MCSE-Exam !&id=726704
2) http://www.freetechexams.com/
3) http://www.sharpdevelopment.co.uk/M CSE-training-courses-london/MCSE-co urse.html
4) http://www.articlespeedway.com/arti cles/4242/1/Learn-The-Fastest-Way-T o-Pass-MCSE-Exam/Page1.html
5) http://groups.google.com/group/Blin kList/browse_thread/thread/48c196e7 00152d81

Answered at 11:21 AM on April 10, 2008

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